Ma injini akale amagalimoto analibe chowonjezera chofunikira chomwe tikuwona kuti ndi chofunikira masiku ano: pampu.Chipinda chozizirira chamadzimadzi chomwe chinagwiritsidwa ntchito chinali madzi oyera, osakanizidwa ndi mowa wambiri wa phenyl, kuteteza kuzizira.Kuyenda kwa madzi ozizira kumadalira kwathunthu momwe chilengedwe chimakhalira.Madzi ozizira akamayamwa kutentha kuchokera ku thupi la silinda, mwachibadwa amapita ku njira  ndikulowa m'mphepete mwa radiator;Madzi ozizira akazizira, mwachibadwa amamira pansi pa radiator ndi kumunsi kwa cylinder block.Pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo ya thermosiphon iyi, kuzizira sikungatheke.Koma posakhalitsa,  mapampu amadzi anawonjezedwa ku makina ozizira kuti madzi ozizira aziyenda mofulumira.

Dongosolo lozizira la injini yamakono yamagalimoto  nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito pampu yamadzi ya centrifugal.Malo abwino kwambiri oyika mpope ali pansi pa makina oziziritsa, koma  gawo la mpope limayikidwa pakati pa makina ozizira, ndipo mapampu ambiri amaikidwa pamwamba pa injini.Pampu yomwe imayikidwa pamwamba pa injini imakonda kukhala ndi cavitation.Ziribe kanthu kuti pampupayo ili pati, madzi a mpope ndi , monga madzi a mpope ya injini ya Naitai V8, liwiro lopanda ntchito ndi pafupifupi 750L/h, kufika pa liwiro lonse la 12000L/h.

Pa moyo wautumiki, kusintha kofunikira kwambiri pamapangidwe a mpope  ndikuti zisindikizo za ceramic zidawonekera zaka zingapo zapitazo.Poyerekeza ndi zisindikizo za rabara kapena zikopa zachikopa zomwe zinagwiritsidwa ntchito kale, zisindikizo za ceramic ndizosavala, koma zimakhalanso ndi zovuta zowonongeka mosavuta ndi tinthu tating'ono tolimba m'madzi ozizira.Ngakhale pofuna kupewa kulephera kwa chisindikizo cha pampu pamapangidwe a  kuchita bwino mosalekeza, koma mpaka pano sangatsimikizire kuti chisindikizo cha mpope si vuto. Chisindikizocho chikaonekera kutayikira, ndiye kuti mafuta a pampu amakokoloka.

1. Kuzindikira zolakwika

M'zaka 20 zapitazi, kulimba kwa magalimoto kwasinthidwa ndi , ndiye kodi moyo wautumiki wa mapampu amadzi ukukulirakulira kuposa kale?Osati kwenikweni.Mapampu amasiku ano akufunikabe kusinthidwa  kuchuluka kwa ntchito, galimotoyo idayenda pafupifupi makilomita 100,000, mpope nthawi iliyonse pali kuthekera kolephera.

Kuzindikira vuto la mpope  kuyankhula kawirikawiri kumakhala kosavuta.Pankhani ya kutayikira kwa makina oziziritsa, fungo la antifreeze yotentha limamveka, koma ndikofunikira kuyang'ana  kuti mudziwe ngati madzi ozizirira akutuluka pachisindikizo cha shaft shaft.Atha kugwiritsa ntchito  kuwala kwapagalasi kakang'ono kuti muwone ngati bowo la mpope wamadzi likutha.Kuti muzikonza nthawi zonse, samalani kuti muyang'ane kutayika kwa choziziritsa chamadzi.

Kutayikira ndi vuto loyamba la pampu, phokoso ndi vuto lachiwiri, chifukwa cha kuvulala ndi kuchititsa kuti pampu ya shaft kuluma kufa, ndizovuta kwambiri  onani. Izi zikachitika, radiator imawonongeka mphepo ikatha.

Ngakhale dzimbiri lalikulu la choyipitsa pampu yamadzi nthawi zambiri limawonedwa m'mabuku okonza magalimoto, koma ngati kukonza kwanthawi zonse kuchitidwa, kuwononga kwapampu si chinthu chodziwika bwino .Mukawona zoziziritsa zofiira, dzimbiri, akuti vuto la dzimbiri la corrosion.Panthawi imeneyi, muyenera kuyang'ana kayendedwe ka mpope ozizira, ozizira mu radiator akhoza kumasulidwa  gawo, kuti mlingo wa madzi amangosungidwa mu chitoliro cha madzi, ndiyeno preheat injini, chipangizo kutentha ali mkati. malo otseguka kwathunthu.Kuyenda bwino kwa madzi kuyenera kuwonedwa pamene injini ikuyenda pa 3000r / min.Vuto linanso lomwe lingakhalepo ndikuti chopopera chopopera chimawonekera mu shaft.

2. Chifukwa chakulephera

Ponena za chifukwa cha kulephera kwa mpope, akuluakulu ena amakhulupirira kuti ndi  lamba pagalimoto zowonjezera zowonjezera, kotero kuti mbali katundu wa chifukwa.Monga  akatswiri osindikizira ananenera, "pali umboni wosonyeza kuti kumveka kwa zomata ndi root lamba kumakhala ndi maulendo osiyanasiyana, omwe amatha kuwononga chisindikizo cha mpope." Vuto lina la kulephera kwa mpope ndiloti chipangizo chomangira lamba wa serpentine chimakhala ndi katundu wovuta kwambiri pa mpope.Cavitation ndi vuto lina  la mpope, monga m'madzi a dzimbiri la mpope, choncho nthawi zambiri amaikidwa ndi chivundikiro cha radiator.Posintha mpope, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti  zowotcherera zatsopano zikhazikitsidwe, chifukwa cholumikizira chosakhazikika chingayambitse vuto ndi mpope.

Pali akatswiri oti kutentha kwambiri kulephera kukonza bwino ndiko kumayambitsanso vuto la mpope.Ngati choziziritsa chikulephera kuyika mafuta pachidindo , chisindikizocho chikhoza kupsa mtima.Kuonjezera apo, kulephera kwa mpope kungakhalenso chifukwa cha khalidwe loipa la mpope wokha.

3. Sayansi ya malamba

Lamba wakale  nthawi zambiri amatenga lamba wamba wooneka ngati V, pomwe lamba watsopano amatha kutenga lamba wa serpentine.Ngati mtundu wakale wa mpope udayikidwa mumtundu watsopano , patha kukhala komwe kumayambitsa vuto.Chifukwa lamba wa serpentine amatha kuyendetsa chopopera chopopera kupita mbali ina ya V-lamba, mpopeyo imazungulira mbali ina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti choziziritsa chitenthe.

Tsopano injini zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito lamba wa nap-camshaft kuyendetsa mpope wamadzi.Ubwino wochita izi ndikuti ngati mpope wamadzi suzungulira, galimotoyo singayendetsedwe, ndipo imatha kufupikitsa injini  digiri.Ndikoyenera kutsindika kuti lamba wa nthawi ayenera kusinthidwa pakapita nthawi yoyenera .Nthawi zina mumawona izi  mkhalidwe wamtunduwu.Poika  lamba watsopano wa nthawi mkati mwa nthawi yochepa, mpope wamadzi unawonongeka, makamaka chifukwa cha kuwonjezereka kwa lamba.Choncho, poika  mapampu atsopano, musasinthe pang'ono kukhala lamba watsopano.

4. Kusamalira mpope wa madzi

Pano kuti tilankhule za vuto la kuziziritsa, ndi kukonza  zina zofunika kuziganizira.M'magalimoto amakono , omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito injini ya aluminiyamu yokhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu, kusintha kozizira chaka chilichonse kumawoneka ngati njira yabwino yopewera mavuto.Komabe, tsopano mankhwala oletsa kuzizira ndiwotsogola kwambiri, kotero kuti nthawi yosinthira kuzizirira imakulitsidwa mosalekeza .Poyamba, kuzizira kozizira kunalimbikitsidwa kwa zaka zitatu, kenako kukulitsidwa  mpaka zaka zinayi, ndipo tsopano GM ikulimbikitsa zaka zisanu kapena makilomita 250,000 pamagalimoto ena.Mafuta ozizirira omwe alipo pano amatha kupewa zovuta zomwe zimawonekera paziziziritsa chifukwa cha kuchedwa kwa  kusintha kozizira.Choziziritsa chatsopanochi chimalimbana ndi dzimbiri zamagulu a carboxyl, kutanthauza ma silicates, ma phosphates.Ngakhale chozizirira chatsopano  chokwera mtengo kuposa choziziritsira chamasiku onse, chimatha kuwonetsetsa kuti pampu ikugwira ntchito moyenera kwa nthawi yayitali, motero ndiyotsika mtengo.Kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino  choziziritsira chamoyo, choziziritsira chimayenera kutsukidwa bwino pochotsapo.

Apa kulankhula za khalidwe la antifreeze.Mawu oti "antifreeze" ndi olakwika, chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito antifreeze sikungotanthauza  antifreeze, komanso kumafuna kukana dzimbiri, lubrication pump seal kukweza powira.Choncho, antifreeze ya mtundu wosadziwika sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa ikhoza kukhala ndi zowonjezera zosayenera  zovulaza pH values.

Kuopsa kwa vuto la kutayikira kwa makina ozizirirako sikungayerekezedwe , zomwe sizingangopangitsa mpweya wokoka mpweya kuwononga njira yoziziritsira yomwe idakonzedweratu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malo otentha ayambike, komanso kukulitsa dzimbiri la mpope.

Ngati kuzizira  nthawi sikukwanira, kumayambitsa kutentha kwa injini, komanso kuoneka ngati dzimbiri la nthunzi, sizingawononge rediyeta, komanso kubweretsa zovuta zina za mpope.